The Second Spanish Republic was the legally established government of Spain between April 14, 1931 and its destruction by a successful military rebellion led by General Francisco Franco.
The Second Spanish Republic was proclaimed when King Alfonso XIII left the country following municipal elections in which republican candidates won the majority of votes. Its government went into exile on April 1, 1939, when the last of the loyalist Republican forces surrendered to rebel forces (calling themselves nacionales) led by Generalísimo Franco at the end of the Spanish Civil War. The government in exile of the Second Spanish Republic would have an embassy in Mexico City until 1976 and was formally dissolved the following year.
The municipal elections of 1931 that established the Second Republic brought to power a group of anticlerical politicians to the government. The constitution was based on the absence of religious involvement in government affairs, in order to build a secular society. Pope Pius XI condemned the Spanish Government's deprivation of the civil liberties of Catholics in the encyclical Dilectissima Nobis.
The king's departure led to a provisional government of the young republic under Niceto Alcalá-Zamora, and a constituent Cortes which drew up a new constitution, adopted on December 9, 1931.
The Republican Constitution also changed the symbols of the country. The Himno de Riego was established as the National Anthem and the Tricolor, with three horizontal red-yellow-purple fields, became the new flag of Spain.
On January 7, 1936, new elections were called. Despite significant rivalries and disagreements the Socialists, Communists, and the Catalan and Madrid-based left-wing Republicans decided to work together under the name Popular Front.
In the following months there was increasing violence between left and right. This helped development of the Fascist-inspired Falange Española, a National party led by José Antonio Primo de Rivera, the son of the former dictator, Miguel Primo de Rivera. Although it had only taken 0.7 per cent of the votes in the election, by July 1936 the Falange had 40,000 members.
On July of 1936, several political leaders were assasined.
On July 17, 1936, General Franco led the Spanish Army of Africa from Morocco to attack the mainland, while another force from the north under General Emilio Mola moved south from Navarre. The Civil War began.
The Second Republic was proclaimed during a period of worldwide economic depression. The Republican authorities had to struggle with rising unemployment and poverty. In the ensuing civil unrest, violence in the form of assassination, revolutionary general strikes, and mob actions increased dangerous levels in the eyes of the traditional centers of power, such as the landowners, the Church and the nobility. Thus it was easy for them to whip up dissatisfaction with the republican government
The Second Spanish Republic was proclaimed when King Alfonso XIII left the country following municipal elections in which republican candidates won the majority of votes. Its government went into exile on April 1, 1939, when the last of the loyalist Republican forces surrendered to rebel forces (calling themselves nacionales) led by Generalísimo Franco at the end of the Spanish Civil War. The government in exile of the Second Spanish Republic would have an embassy in Mexico City until 1976 and was formally dissolved the following year.
The municipal elections of 1931 that established the Second Republic brought to power a group of anticlerical politicians to the government. The constitution was based on the absence of religious involvement in government affairs, in order to build a secular society. Pope Pius XI condemned the Spanish Government's deprivation of the civil liberties of Catholics in the encyclical Dilectissima Nobis.
The king's departure led to a provisional government of the young republic under Niceto Alcalá-Zamora, and a constituent Cortes which drew up a new constitution, adopted on December 9, 1931.
The Republican Constitution also changed the symbols of the country. The Himno de Riego was established as the National Anthem and the Tricolor, with three horizontal red-yellow-purple fields, became the new flag of Spain.
On January 7, 1936, new elections were called. Despite significant rivalries and disagreements the Socialists, Communists, and the Catalan and Madrid-based left-wing Republicans decided to work together under the name Popular Front.
In the following months there was increasing violence between left and right. This helped development of the Fascist-inspired Falange Española, a National party led by José Antonio Primo de Rivera, the son of the former dictator, Miguel Primo de Rivera. Although it had only taken 0.7 per cent of the votes in the election, by July 1936 the Falange had 40,000 members.
On July of 1936, several political leaders were assasined.
On July 17, 1936, General Franco led the Spanish Army of Africa from Morocco to attack the mainland, while another force from the north under General Emilio Mola moved south from Navarre. The Civil War began.
The Second Republic was proclaimed during a period of worldwide economic depression. The Republican authorities had to struggle with rising unemployment and poverty. In the ensuing civil unrest, violence in the form of assassination, revolutionary general strikes, and mob actions increased dangerous levels in the eyes of the traditional centers of power, such as the landowners, the Church and the nobility. Thus it was easy for them to whip up dissatisfaction with the republican government
No comments:
Post a Comment
Note: Only a member of this blog may post a comment.